As a result, pariahs must serve in domestic service. Harijans: they are the descendants of the first Dravidians, and pariahs who had no caste or who had been expelled from their original castes for violating their ethical codes. Shudras: people from this caste were servants and they had to serve three higher castes, especially to the Brahmins. Vaishyas: this is the third caste which included farmers and traders. Some of them even held administrative positions in the state apparatus. Kshatriyas: they were people who dedicated their whole life to war. Brahmins were said to be “earthly gods” and dealt exclusively with religious matters. Social pyramidīrahmins: this is the top of the social pyramid was dedicated to priests. There is a vast plain in the center which is irrigated by the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra rivers. It is bordered by the Himalayan mountain range in the north and the peninsula formed by the Deccan Plateau in the south. It is also worth mentioning that in 327 BCE, Alexander the Great conquered the Indus Valley and this made Chandragupta Maurya conquer the Indus Valley from Alexander the Great’s successor.Īncient Indian civilization developed what is now Pakistan and western India. In 800 BCE, the use of iron and alphabetic writing started to spread and in 500 BCE two new religions, Buddhism and Jainism were founded.
At 1500 BC, Aryan tribes began to infiltrate into northern India. At around 1500 BC, Indo-European tribes start invading from the northwest, which destroyed the Indus Valley Civilization which was the Oldest Civilization in India. India has suffered from a number of Neolithic invasions. It was discovered in the 1920s and two big Cities in Ancient India were called Mohenjo Daro and Harappa. Ancient India Civilization spanned from the 25th century BC to the 17th century BC.